cure diseases

The Disorders of kidney

Kidney Define

The disorder of kidney, kidney are dark-red,bean shaped organs.They are placed against the back wall of abdominal cavity just below diaphragm,one on either side of  vertebral column.They are protected by  the two last ribs.The left kidney is the little higher than  the right.The concave side of kidney  faces  vertebral column.There is a depression, called  hilus.

Rental cortex is the outer part of kidney  and it is dark red in colour. Renal medullas the inner part of kidney and it is pale red in colour .Renal medulla is the consist of several cone shaped areas called renal pyramids.Renal pyramids project into a funnel-shaped cavity called renal pelvi,which is the base of ureter.

Size of kidney:

Each kidney is 10 cm long,5 cm wide and 4 cm thick.

Its weighs about 27 grams

Disorders of kidney:

There are many different kinds of kidney.

Kidney stones:

When urine becomes concentrated,crystals of many salts e.g. calcium oxalate, calcium and ammonium phosphate,uric acid etc are formed in it. Such large crystals cannot  pass in urine and  form hard deposits kidney stones. Most stone start in kidney. Some may travel to  ureter  or urinary  bladder. 

Inthis method non- electrical shoke 

Causes:

The disorder in kidney, The major causes of kidney stones are age diet (containing more green vegetables, salts vitamins C and D ), recurring urinary tract infections,less intake of water and alcohol consumption.

Symptoms:

The disorder of kidney, The  symptoms of kidney stones include severe pain in kidney or lower abdomen,vomiting, frequent urination and foul-smelling urine with blood and pus.

Treatment:

The disorder of kidney, About 90% of all kidney stones can pass  through the urinary system by drinking  plenty water. In surgical treatment, the affected area is opened and stone(s) are removed. Lithotripsy  is another method for the removal of kidney stones.In this method non-electrical shock waves from outside are bombarded on the stones in the urinary system. Waves  hit the dense stones  and break them. Stones become sand-like and are pass through urine.

For your information:

Abu Nasr al-Farabi (872-951) was a prominent scientists who wrote many books that contained information about kidney diseases.The genius Abu al-Qasim Al Zahrawi ( known as Albucasis): 936-1013. is considered to be Islam's greatest  surgeon who invented many surgical procedures includin the surgical removal of contained over 200 surgical medical instruments he personally designed.

Kidney(Renal)failure

The disorder in kidney, kidney failure mean a complete or partial failure of kidneys to function.Diabetes mellitus  and hypertension are the leading causes of kidney failure.

The Disorders of kidney

Symptoms:

The main symptoms of kidney failure is  the high level of urea and other wastes in blood, which can result in vomiting, nausea,weight  loss frequent urination and blood in urine.Excess  fluids in body may also cause swellings of legs feet and face and shortness of breath.

Treatment:

The kidney failure is treated with dialysis and kidney transplant.

 a.Dialysis:

Dialysis mean the cleaning of blood by artificial ways. There are two method of dialysis.

1. Peritoneal Dialysis.

The kidney disorder dialysis fluid, In this type of dialysis fluid is pumped for a time into the peritoneal cavity which is space around gut. This cavity is lined by peritoneum. Peritoneum contains blood vessels. When  we place dialysis fluid in peritoneal cavity, waste material from peritoneal blood vessels diffuse into the dialysis fluid, Which is then drained out. This type can be perform at home, but must be done every day.

2. Haemodialysis. 

In Haemodialysis patients blood is pumped through an apparatus called dialyzer. The dialyzer contain long tubes, the walls of which act as semi-permeable membranes. Blood flows through the tubes while the dialysis fluid flows around the tubes. Extra water and wastes move from blood into the dialysis fluid. The cleansed blood is then returned back to body. The Haemodialysis treatment are typically given him dialysis centres three time per week. 

(The Disorders of kidney)

b.Kidney transplant:

The treatment of kidney transplant, We know that dialysis needs  to be repeated after every few days and is unpleasant for patients and attendants.Another treatment for the end-stage kidney failure is kidney transplantation.It is the replacement of patient' damaged kidney with a donor healthy kidney. Kidney may be denoted by a deceased donor or living  donor.The donor may or may not be a relative of the patient.Before transplant the tissue proteins of donor and patient are matched.The donor kidney is transplanted in patient's body and is connected to the patient's blood and urinary system.The average life time for a donated kidney is ten to fifteen years.When a transplant fails,the patient may be given a second kidney transplant. In this situation, the patient is treated through dialysis for some intermediary time.Problems after a transplant rejection,infections,imbalances in body salts which can lead to bone problems and ulcers.

(The Disorders of kidney)